The Vatican takeover of the Order of Malta has a possible precedent – from 1981, when St John Paul II intervened in the internal affairs of the Jesuit Order. The then General, Padre Arrupe, elected for life, had been incapacitated by a stroke. The Jesuits decided to elect a certain Fr O'Keefe to run the Order in the incapacity of Arrupe, but the Pope intervened and appointed Fr Paolo Dezza to run the order until such a time as a new General could be elected. After a period of two years the Pope gave permission to the Jesuits to elect a new superior.