After the death of the apostate 11th Duke of Norfolk in 1815, the dukedom was inherited by his distant cousin, Henry Howard of Glossop. The 12th Duke (1815-42) was a cisalpine Catholic and a Whig; there are frequent descriptions by the politician and diarist Thomas Creevey of him (variously referred to as “Barney”, “Twitch” and “Scroop”) at Brooks’s and elsewhere. He took his seat in the House of Lords after Catholic Emancipation in 1829. A generous patron of small Catholic churches and chapels – eg the classical All Saints, Old Glossop of 1834-36 (Weightman and Hadfield) and the Perpendicular Gothic St Mary, Worksop (1838-40) by the same architects – he refused in 1838 to contribute to the building of Pugin’s St George’s, Southwark on the grounds that he “disapproved of large edifices”.