Pope Francis is the first pontiff in recent history not to have participated in the Second Vatican Council. But the imprint of post-conciliar ecclesiology is very apparent in his own thinking and speaking about the Church. He is clearly familiar with the “models of the Church” as articulated by his fellow Jesuit, Avery Dulles (who was named a cardinal by Pope John Paul II). Francis has even added his own “model” to those proposed by Dulles: that of the Church as a field hospital. This image chimes with Francis’s preference for a Church of engagement, on the front lines of contemporary society and tending to the wounded in our midst.