The feast of St Joseph the Worker, kept on May 1, was established not in the Middle Ages but in the ideological tensions of the 20th century, when Pope Pius XII sought to reclaim the meaning of labour from the secular politics of May Day. Instituted in 1955, the feast was deliberately fixed to coincide with International Workers’ Day, at a time when communist regimes presented themselves as the natural champions of the worker. Pius instead held up St Joseph as the true Christian model of labour: humble, faithful and ordered not to class struggle but to the service of God and family.
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St Joseph: Antidote to Communism
The feast of St Joseph the Worker was created in the 20th century to offer a Christian vision of labour against the secular ideologies that sought to claim May Day for themselves
James Bradbury

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