There is a very affecting scene at the end of Turgenev’s mid-nineteenth century novel, Fathers and Sons, when Bazarov, the resolute young atheist who dominates the book, is dying of typhus and his father begs him to receive the Last Rites of the Orthodox Church in order to “give your mother and myself some consolation”. Bazarov’s parents reflect the old Russia of icons, sacred rituals and belief in God; their only son, a brilliant young scientist, exemplifies the increasing belief in science and progress that regarded religious traditions as superstitions destined to come to an end.