Two leading US politicians have recently clashed with Church teaching. In August, Vice-President Joe Biden presided over the wedding ceremony of two male White House staff members. Meanwhile Tim Kaine, the Democratic candidate as Vice-President, is on public record as having changed his mind over gay marriage and this week predicted that the Church will one day follow suit.

Such incidents cause grave scandal among ordinary members of the Church – not least because both Kaine and Biden are often described by the media as “devout Catholics”.