This year is the 1,700th anniversary of the Council of Nicaea. Here we invite a writer to reflect on articles of the Nicene and Apostles' Creed:
The Western Church incorporated the phrase "qui ex Patre Filioque procedit" into the Creed little by little. This radical departure from the shared Orthodoxy of the Universal Church seems to have first been articulated at the Council of Toledo in 589. By 800, when the chanting of the Creed had become a familiar part of the Mass in the Frankish Empire, it was familiar to many congregations, and it was in 847 that Frankish monks introduced it into their Creed when they established a monastery on the Mount of Olives.
