Bishops across Africa are warning priests not to misuse holy oils.

They are concerned that practices associated with the revival churches are being imported into Catholicism.

In a 2014 article in the missionary journal Spiritus, Fr Damien Etshindo, of Kole Diocese in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, explained that revival churches are known for exploiting practices associated with traditional African religions, such as singing, dancing and trances, as well as anointing the body with special oils to ward off evil spirits.