The financial sector has “failed to wake up to the moral responsibility” it has to serve society, Archbishop Vincent Nichols of Westminster has said. In a lecture at the London School of Economics in central London, he said some financial leaders were seeking a “change of culture” but that collectively the sector had failed to reform itself. “Until a different culture has taken hold, I cannot see how a real and necessary change can take place,” he said. In his lecture, entitled "Good life in hard times", the archbishop said that society, the market and the state all exist “to be at the service of the human person” and the common good. He argued that promoting religious freedom in particular contributed to a thriving civil society and “increases our capacity to do good in the public square”. He addressed several myths that implied religious freedom is harmful to society. One of these, he said, is that religion “pollutes the rational mind”, and “should not be imposed on others”. Another is that religious freedom encourages fundamentalism, as if “any religious faith involves a kind of lobotomy”. But he said that as a society of many faiths Britain had a chance to export to the world a new model of tolerant pluralism. “Britain is a remarkable test case. We are living in a crucible in a global experiment of religious co-existence,” he said. “In this country we have the opportunity, through the greater acceptance of the positive role of religion, to exemplify and perhaps export a new model of tolerant religious pluralism.” The archbishop argued that religious voices should not be excluded, but should not be given special privilege, either. He said: “The mature and enlightened secular square should echo to the sound of many faiths, in dialogue with one another and with secular protagonists to the enrichment of all.” FULL TEXT OF LECTURE LSE Lecture- “Good life in hard times” By Archbishop Vincent Nichols 2 March 2011 Thank you for the invitation to deliver this lecture this evening. I am glad to do so and I look forward to our conversation afterwards. The title of this lecture, “Good life in hard times”, might, I suppose, be taken by those with an economist’s cast of mind as a tacit bow to Marx. If religion is the opium of the masses it ought to be a counter-cyclical business –interest in the hereafter should grow as the ‘here and now’ gets harder. But the truth is that we are at one of those critical junctures in society when not only the word “Big” but also truly big questions are in play in public debate, including the place of religion in the public forum. The immediate party political fray surrounding public expenditure is only partly about rival prescriptions of how best to secure fairness and recovery from the recession. Beneath lie more fundamental differences about the role of the state and what the common good really demands. Across the political divide, and more widely in society, there seems to be a genuine desire to go beyond mere slogans and to explore how to create a more engaged and thriving civil society. And then there is the so-called “well-being” agenda. What makes us happy? Looking back now on a decade of continuous economic growth we know that human contentment did not rise as expected with GDP. It’s about time we started to ask why, even if we might quickly admit that it doesn’t make much sense for government to promote happiness as a policy aim. Equally important - and still too often ignored - are the profound moral questions that have come to the fore in the diagnosis of the financial crisis and its aftermath, as we think through the role and limitations of markets in serving society and promoting the common good. All these issues in their different ways raise questions about values, and the moral and spiritual resources on which we might draw to help us answer the question about what is the ‘good life’. I believe that religious faith, and in particular the tradition of Catholic social teaching, has something immensely rich to contribute at various levels, the personal of course, but also in relation to the role of the state, of the market and wider civil society. Later on in the lecture I want to offer some thoughts drawn from the fruit of that tradition. But I want to start somewhere else. There is in Britain today a wariness and latent concern about religion – that it is a problem to be contained and not a gift to be shared. So I wish to try to dispel some myths about the place of religion and religious freedom. I want to argue that promoting religious freedom increases our capacity to do good in the public square, within due limits. Why the caveat “within due limits”? Because I do not wish to defend everything done in the name of religion any more than I would expect a humanist to defend everything done in the name of humanity. But I do want to take head on four arguments against promoting religious freedom. They are: (i) that it is inherently divisive; (ii) that it encourages fundamentalist extremism; (iii) that it pollutes and deludes, and (vi) that it undermines respect for fundamental human rights. And having done that I want then to put three positive arguments: (i) the richer understanding of what it is to be fully human that religious freedom expresses; (ii) the powerfully positive contribution which religion can make to building a stronger civil society, and finally (iii) how a rich understanding of religious freedom can help secure a viable pluralism in a secular society . And that will then lead me on to say something about the particular contribution from the tradition of Catholic social teaching, which is available to all – and for free - in both good and hard times. So what are these four arguments against the promotion of religious freedom? (i) First of all there is the claim that religion is inherently divisive and does more harm than good. This location itself is resonant with this point. Some of Catholic martyrs of the Reformation were put to death here in Lincoln’s Inn Fields and during the Gordon riots the Sardinian Chapel, more or less on this site, was looted and burned to the ground. In contrast, before coming to London in my present role, I was for 8 years the Archbishop of Birmingham, which has, I think, the largest presence together of Muslims, Sikhs and Hindus in the country. As religious leaders we met regularly and worked together. That experience led to a real growth in dialogue and respect. A vivid illustration of that came when there was widespread controversy, and some violence, over remarks of Pope Benedict in a speech he gave in Regensburg with a quotation about Islam and the use of violence. The central mosque in Birmingham was, at that moment, holding a coordinating meeting of the 167 mosques of the Birmingham area. It immediately brokered an agreement that no mosque would comment on the controversy because they wanted to respect the Pope’s freedom to say what he wanted to say. Here a faith was taking forward a proper agenda in provocative circumstances. Then, when the Pope came to this country last September, one of the meetings he held was with leaders of faith – not just religious leaders but people in leadership roles in different walks of life who were people of faith, and of different faiths. It was the first such meeting to take place in a Papal Visit anywhere in the world, and it powerfully reinforced the message that people of faith share a common commitment to the service of society arising from that faith, with tolerance and respect. Now it is true that religion has been and can be a source of conflict and division, as indeed can atheism and any other belief system even liberal relativism. But all the great faiths share in their teachings, in one form or other, the Golden Rule: do to others as you would be done by. They share not only a deep respect for the other person but they also extend that respect to the environment and to whole of creation as the work of a divine creator. Yes we can all point to the failings. When Ghandi was asked what he thought of Christian civilisation he replied “I think it would be a very good idea.’ Britain today is a remarkable test-case. We are living in a crucible in a global experiment of religious co-existence. In this country, we have the opportunity, through the greater acceptance of the positive role of religion, to exemplify and perhaps export a new model of tolerant religious pluralism. (ii) Then we have the second argument, linked to the question of divisiveness, namely that promoting religious freedom encourages fundamentalist extremism and encourages extremists to use religion as their cloak. The fear of divisiveness is powerfully reinforced by images of religious extremism. This is a completely understandable fear. We simply have to admit that in some stages of our own history, and in parts of the world today, religion is associated with intolerance and violence, often practiced by religious adherents in direct violation of their own avowed religious precepts. It would be naive and disingenuous to deny it. But having said that, it is a mistake to think that religion per se entails fundamentalism. There is the strange view that any religious faith involves a kind of lobotomy, and that anyone who really takes their faith seriously is to that degree immune to appeals to reasoned argument. This is wholly false. Faith and reason are not incompatible, and indeed they need each other. The point was eloquently made by the Pope in his speech at Westminster Hall in September last year. He said: