A Vatican court has ordered two former managers to pay damages after finding them liable for mismanagement. The sentence was announced on February 6 by the bank, formally known as the Institute for the Works of Religion, or IOR in Italian. It did not state the damages to be paid, but the Italian news agency ANSA said the damages the bank incurred totalled about 47 million euros (about $58 million). The bank said in a statement that the court’s sentence followed a civil liability action started by IOR in September 2014, “supported by a comprehensive review” of financial investments made by IOR before mid-2013. Paolo Cipriani, the former director, and Massimo Tulli, the former deputy director of the Vatican bank, had offered their resignations "in the best interest of the institute and the Holy See" in July 2013. In February 2017, an Italian tribunal in Rome had found Cipriani and Tulli guilty of violating norms against money laundering; both men were given four-month prison sentences. The Vatican bank, meanwhile, said the Vatican court sentence confirms the bank's intent "to pursue by judicial proceedings any misconduct carried out to its detriment, no matter where and by whom." In its regular reviews of the Vatican bank's efforts to fight money laundering and financing terrorism, the Council of Europe's Moneyval committee has praised the bank's efforts in establishing international standards and tougher norms. However, it repeatedly noted the difficulty in judging how effective those new laws were given the lack of prosecutions and convictions concerning finance-related crimes. The most recent Moneyval progress report, in December 2017, said the Vatican's oversight agency, the Financial Information Authority, "seemed to be working efficiently," but while the Vatican court had frozen the assets of several accounts at the Vatican bank, "the Holy See had still not brought a money-laundering case to court."