When St John Henry Newman met Augustus Welby Northmore Pugin, he “could not help liking him.” At first glance, this hardly seems surprising. Newman, one the finest English prose stylists, and Pugin, one of greatest English architects, both had exquisite aesthetic sense. Both loved Christian history. Both converted to the Catholic Church. Yet these two geniuses were bound to drift apart. Their understandings of Catholic identity were profoundly opposed, on lines that still define intra-Catholic debate.