The Vatican has published the first two Final Reports of the Synod’s Study Groups.

The reports arise from the work mandated after the first session of the XVI Ordinary General Assembly of the Synod of Bishops. Following instructions originally given by Pope Francis in early 2024, ten Study Groups were established to consider questions that could not be fully treated during the assembly itself. Composed of bishops, theologians and experts from across the continents, the groups were tasked with presenting opinions and proposals to the Holy Father in what was described as “an authentic synodal approach”.