Stephen of Hungary (c 970-1038) was a sincere Christian, concerned to improve the lot of the poor within his kingdom. He also understood, however, that the Church could serve as a means of political control.

The Magyars who poured into Hungary during the late ninth century were certainly not a merciful or peace-loving people. Yet around 980 their chief, Geza, submitted to baptism. Subsequently taxed by a bishop with continuing his pagan practices, he replied that he was quite rich enough to sacrifice to all his gods.