The Italian newspaper Corriere della Sera recently published a three-page letter purportedly from Pope Francis to Venezuelan President Nicolás Maduro. While the Holy See refused to confirm the letter’s authenticity, leading Vatican-watchers concluded that it was genuine.

The letter, dated February 7, is addressed to Excelentísimo señor Nicolás Maduro Moros (“His Excellency Nicolás Maduro Moros”). Observers were quick to note that the Pope did not address Maduro as president of Venezuela. This was certainly significant: while close allies such Russia, Cuba and China still back Maduro, more than 50 countries recognise his rival, Juan Guaidò, as interim leader. The Holy See formally recognises Maduro as president, but the papal letter suggests that the Holy See is hedging its bets.